Which condition is indicated by inadequate secretion of insulin or tissue resistance to its effects?

Inadequate secretion of insulin or tissue resistance to its effects leads to diabetes mellitus, a chronic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy. When there is insufficient insulin production or when the body's cells become resistant to insulin's action, glucose remains in the bloodstream, resulting in hyperglycemia.

The other conditions mentioned relate to issues of blood glucose but are not characterized by the specific mechanisms of inadequate insulin secretion or resistance. Hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels but is a symptom rather than a condition itself. Hypoglycemia describes low blood sugar levels, which can occur for various reasons, including excessive insulin production or certain medications, but it does not involve the inadequate secretion or resistance to insulin. Insulinoma is a tumor of the pancreas that produces excessive insulin, leading to hypoglycemia. None of these conditions encapsulate the essence of diabetes mellitus, which is fundamentally about the lack of effective insulin action or production.