Which parts of the brain are responsible for controlling the breathing process?

The respiratory areas of the brain are primarily responsible for controlling the breathing process. These areas, located in the brainstem—specifically the medulla oblongata and the pons—regulate involuntary actions such as the rhythm of breathing and respond to chemical changes in the blood. When carbon dioxide levels increase or oxygen levels decrease, these respiratory centers adjust the rate and depth of breathing to maintain homeostasis.

The cerebellum, while important for coordination and balance, does not directly control breathing. The cerebrum is involved in various functions, including conscious thought, but it does not oversee the automatic regulation of breathing. The frontal lobe, associated with decision-making and motor function, is also not the primary area for controlling respiration. Thus, the respiratory areas are distinct in their crucial role in managing the mechanics of breathing.