Which term can refer to both a blockage and an impediment in various contexts?

The term that can refer to both a blockage and an impediment in various contexts is "obstruction." In medical terminology, "obstruction" often describes a physical blockage in a bodily system, such as when blood vessels or airways are blocked, leading to a disruption in normal function. It also exemplifies an impediment in broader contexts, such as resources or progress being hindered or obstructed by certain factors.

The other terms, while they may convey similar ideas, are not as universally applicable. "Distraction" typically refers to a loss of focus or attention that diverts someone from their current task but does not inherently imply a physical blockage. "Interference" can indicate an interruption but is more about disturbance in processes rather than a physical blockage. "Disturbance" generally refers to an interruption or disruption, often related to changes in the normal state of affairs, but again lacks the specific connotation of blockage that "obstruction" encapsulates. Therefore, "obstruction" is the most suitable term for describing both a blockage and an impediment.